ENGINE basic parts and their meanings

ENGINE BASICS AND PARTS

Engine is heart of vehicle:

ENGINE:

•        Energy conversion machine

•        Chemical energy to mechanical energy

•        Electrical energy to mechanical energy

•        Solar energy to Mechanical Energy 

Classification of Engine:

Basic Parts of Engine:

•        Cylinder block

•        Piston

•        Piston rings

•        Piston pin

•        Connecting rod

•        Crankshaft

•        Cylinder head

•        Intake valve

•        Exhaust valve

•        Camshaft

•        Timing gears

•        Spark plug ( Gasoline Engine)

CYLINDER BLOCK:

•        Basic frame of Automotive engine.

•        Contains the cylinder

•        Large cylindrical holes and cylinder bore

•        Cast iron or aluminum

•        Water jackets

•        Fins for air cooled

•        Liners fitted ( dry and wet)

LINERS:

Cylinder sleeves or liners

•        They are inserts that fit into the cylinder block

•        They act as cylinder walls for the piston to reciprocate

•        Many vehicles use aluminum or CI cylinder blocks with cast iron, wet sleeves

PISTON:

•        A sliding plug that harnesses the force of the burning gases in the cylinder.

•        Mostly made up of Aluminum alloy

•        Components added into alloy improve the bearing ( Magnesium) properties , Nickel and copper alloy to increase the thermal stability

•        Less piston clearance- Seizure

•        More Piston clearance – Piston Slap ( hitting piston surface on the cylinder wall distinct noise- Metallic noise)

Piston rings:

•        Piston rings provide a sliding seal between the outer edge of the piston and the inner edge of the cylinder.

•        The rings serve two purposes:

•        They prevent the fuel/air mixture and exhaust in the combustion chamber from leaking into the sump during compression and combustion.

•        They keep oil in the sump from leaking into the combustion area, where it would be burned and lost.

•        Gray cast iron, spheroidized graphite cast iron, alloy cast iron, spring steel and stainless steel

   

Connecting Rod:

     •      Connects the piston and piston pin to the crankshaft.

•        Forging or casting.

•        Single Piece in Small 2S engines

•        Big ends are spilt diagonally 30, 40 and 60 deg to the longitudinal axis to reduce the force of Inertia applied to the bolts

•        Plain Carbon Steel to High grade nickel Alloys

•        Machined and Heat treated

Piston Assembly:

•        The piston converts the potential energy of the combustion gases, into the kinetic energy that turns the crankshaft.

•        The piston is a cylindrical shaped hollow part that moves up and down inside the engine's cylinder.

•        It has grooves around its perimeter near the top where rings are placed.

•        The wrist pin connects the piston to the connecting rod. The connecting rod comes up through the bottom of the piston.

•        The wrist pin is inserted into a hole (about half way up) that goes through the side of the piston, where it is attached to the connecting rod.

•        Pistons are usually made of aluminum alloy, because it is light and a good heat conductor.

     FLYWHEEL:

•        A flywheel is bolted to the crankshaft flange

•        The flywheel is also fitted with a ring gear to which the starter pinion meshes while cranking the engine using starter.

•        The clutch cover with the clutch disc are bolted to the flywheel.

•        In certain diesel engines used on light vehicle, the flywheel will be replaced with a DMF for smoother, vibration free operation.

   

SPARKPLUG:

•        Electric match used to begin the combustion process of burning air and gasoline to create heat.

•        Self Ignition Temperature is high for gasoline

•        Compression ratio is less.